Psychology (mental illnesses) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology (mental illnesses) - Essay Example In the process of analyzing the obscure emotions of the patient, the therapist can link them to the actual relationships that they cause, for example one's animosity to food or alcohol. The other technique is introduced by Carl Rogers. He is the founding father of the Person-centered approach, the most widely used technique in modern clinical psychology. This concept explores the healing of the psyche through empathy, active listening, and "mirroring" of the patient. This therapeutic intervention is focused on the immediate conscious experience rather than attempting to solve the unconscious. The transformative impact of Roger's therapy is that there is an unconditional positive attitude to the client "not as a scientist to an object, but as a person to a person (Rogers 22)". The theory of person-centered therapy suggests that the resources for someone to heal himself lie inside them. In today's global world where our daily activities mix with the technologies, telephone or internet therapy is something acceptable and understandable. The mental health programs where the treatment is conducted via internet or phone provide instant support and availability to patients in emergencies. However, the quick access advantage adds to other disadvantages.

Functional Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Functional Analysis - Research Paper Example Compatibility of land-use plans and circulation systems that are already in place is essential. This is because only highly viable projects are treated as the best land-use options. In order to make an assertion of this claim, past, present and future land status have to be critically assessed and evaluated in the light of the project being undertaken. In other words, land-use plans match existing circulation systems for optimal land use purposes. The compatibility of land-use plans and existing circulation systems is necessary for striking a balance between meeting people’s needs and resource sustainability for future generations. Current and future demands can only be met if planners make certain considerations in the context of land-use projects. Change is a force that significantly influences planning. Planners therefore must consider diversity and dynamism of physical, social and economic factors that affect land-use projects over time (Levy, 2011). These variables integrate change in different magnitudes and it is up to the planners to consider the magnitude of each of them to both short term and long term projects prior to the characteristic trends in demand. For example, globalization is an undisputable factor to consider in the context of change and land-use projects in the light of local and international current and future

Race and Color Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Race and Color Discrimination Essay Who are the major people that had made a different in the race and color movement? What as society done to improve the way to perceive other people that do not have the same color or race as us? This are all major questions people have in mind when trying to solve Racism affects people lives in many ways depending on race, gender, amp; class though gender usually goes with sexism. Though there have been many efforts to reduce its power it is still in life. Today there are still efforts being made and some have been successful such the racial boundaries Barack Obama has crossed despite being biracial and how many people are taking a stand. Racism today seems to affect mainly African Americans as some people are very prejudiced against them such as the Ku Klux Klan whose power may not be as strong as it once was still exists. The other ways that African Americans are affected are stereotypes. There countless even for other races for example me. I have mistaken to be Indian a lot of times and sometimes still am even though I am Bangladeshi. Some stereotypes for other races would be the Chinese and Japanese they are sometimes expected to be smart, have squinty eyes, and be a workaholic while they may be not. I know someone who is partly Japanese she does not seem to have squinty eyes nor is she a workaholic. Racism also comes to everyone’s lives through the way we exposed to it. For example go to some place and then be shut out because of the color of your skin or be cast out because youre Asian, African-American, or even middle eastern. For now that is all I can say but if youre not satisfied please leave a message on my bio page and/or improve it yourself in anyways you can.

Role of women in times of social change

Role of women in times of social change From a passive housewife to an active member of society in times of social change, where are our women heading? So, what influenced the women in our society to change? With smiles on their faces and freshly cooked meals on the tables, they used to wait for their husbands to come back home from work. Their ambitions were centred on the marriage, fulfilment of the role of a proud housewife and devoted mother and the economic security that their husbands, the breadwinners, have provided them. But, in the past fifteen years, a womans path from an obeying housewife to an emancipated, independent and active member of society has been both, a cause and a reflection of social change in the UK. Feminine mystique Looking back to the past decade, there has been significant influences from the Womens Liberation Movement that has tackled the traditional gender roles. America has not only brought the drive to invent the clever labour saving devices designed to liberate women from domestic drudgery, it has, also, introduced Betty Friedans book, The Feminine Mystique to our British ladies. In this feminist classic of 1963 Friedan claimed: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The women who grow up wanting to be just a housewife are in as much danger as the millions who walked to their own death in concentration camps (Friedan in Fermaglich,2006,p.58). Her strong views of the womens position in society have caused historians to charge her with carelessness, insensitivity and exaggeration. However, nobody could stop the raising assertiveness of women who claimed that the labour saving virtues of modern household technology were countered by an expansion of maternal duties and more exacting levels of cleanliness. As feminists point out, for women of the 1950s in general, happiness was defined by a stereotyped view of the womans role as a homemaker and consequently, many women experienced social isolation. Women were expected to give up work once married and magazines such as Woman portrayed the image of a perfect housewife as the social norm1  [0]  . These high, and often impossible expectations are some of the causes that make the depressed housewife one of the more frequent visitors to the councillors office1  [1]  . Challenging the traditional values With growing female dissatisfaction and frustration, the rise of feminism is quite understandable as many women have begun to question their image of domesticity in the sixties. The teenagers, in particular, have challenged their, rather prescribed roles and as the young girls have developed into women, they promoted more liberal attitudes. The rising female resilience towards social constrains have resulted in a union of British feminist movements. With their aim to promote equality between the genders, at the first National Womens Liberation Conference held in 1970, they assertively demanded equal pay, free contraception and abortion on request, equal educational and job opportunities as well as free twenty-four-hour childcare  [10]  . Betty Friedan had set up the National Organisation of Women in 1966The success of feminism in bringing about the legal changes cannot be denied. In the past decade, the passing of the Abortion Act 1967, Divorce Reform Act 1969 and Equal Pay Act 1970  [11]  have made the women the main beneficiaries. However, the feminist conference and the four iconic demands took place after the government legislated in favour of women. This proves that some social injustices are still affecting women which are beyond the scope of legislation. These belong to the world of embedded prejudice among women as well as men. Even with their significant achievements, feminists still struggle to change the principal attitude at large we are still witnessing social and moral restraints that many women, particularly single mothers, spinsters and divorcees face  [12]  . Education was another useful tool by which girls expectations were manipulated. The universal secondary education and the expansion of universities in the 1960s facilitated admissions of women to higher education, but women felt frustrated that better jobs were still going to men even with their equal qualification  [13]  . Therefore, the emancipated, middle class girls have promoted the feminism as they benefited the most from the campaigns for equal rights. However, women from the lower classes have seen feminism as nothing more than the obsession of the middle class  [14]  as they did not feel the direct affects of the feminists urge for womens liberation. Girls work girls shop! Still, the most encouraging trend indicating the change in the society is that more women are working outside their homes. Nevertheless, researchers take 1961 as the critical point when, for the first time, it was the married women who dominated among the female workforce. As the figures have been steadily rising since then, historians and sociologists predict that we are heading in a way where by 1980 two thirds of all women at work will be married  [15]  . The reasons and impacts of this trend cannot be ignored. While many women view work as an escape from the loneliness of their homes, the families where both parents are in work benefit from an increase in consumer power. With an extra income, there are opportunities for a holiday or purchase of a car  [16]  . Therefore, the higher standard of living is an inspiration for married women to work  [17]  and also, a persuasive argument for their husbands to accept the new trend. This change has largely transformed the old fashioned attitude of the 1950s where working women are portrayed as a threat by depriving men of their jobs  [18]  . Combined with the increased family income and low figures of unemployment, new attitudes systematically led to a general increase in consumerism. Nevertheless, if all the reinforcement of feminism and the recent change in the law have caused Britain to go girlie, female natural affinities are not to be overseen. The fact is girls shop!  [19]  . Feminist propagandaThe new, liberating fashion for young women, mini skirts and see-through blouses, welcomed the beginning of the buy-and-throw-away consumer culture as we know it today. Even after the feminists criticised the new styles as a reinforcement of the new female stereotypes, relatively cheap clothes as designed by Biba have helped to create the concept of shopping as a leisure activity which has spread from young women to society at large  [20]  . Apart from fashion, the challenging attitudes of the younger generation had an impact on society in many ways. Teenage girls embraced feminism as it complied with the rebellious nature of the youth culture who were urged not to accept tamely what they were told, but to make their own judgements  [21]  . This presents the biggest threat to the future of the old fashioned, traditionalist Britain and if by looking at our offspring we can draw predictions about our future, the feminists are the ones to celebrate. Equal Pay fact or a myth? Families with both spouses in work contributed to an economic emancipation of society and allowed women to gain a degree of independence. But, less encouraging is that, in every occupation, employers restricted women to particular kinds of work, where they must accept low skilled and inferior jobs  [22]  . But, towards the end of the sixties, as the female workforce grew and women became generally more liberated, there was a growing attitude that discrimination was wrong  [23]  . This injustice has inspired over eight hundred women, sewing machinists at Fords Dagenham factory to surprise the country with their strike for equal pay in 1968. Even after the striking women agreed to 92% of male wages, their actions, the support of the first female Secretary of State, Barbara Castle, and the urging of the feminists, have publicly highlighted the existence of the discrimination of women in the sixties. This has subsequently led to the reform and the passing of the Equal Pay Act in 1970  [24]  . For most women, the feminists ideas about female fulfilment was alien and unrealistic, therefore, the majority regarded it as a movement of the affluent middle class  [25]  . But the sewing machinists proved that the there has been a change of attitudes in general as women from all social classes wanted better and more equal roles in the society. Having afternoon tea with the Secretary of State women of DagenhamBut, five years after the changes have been made in the law, employers discrimination still leaves the gender gap  [26]  . The types of jobs that traditionally belong to women, such as nursing, remain less paid than the ones dominated by men. The evidence of inequality between the genders is in brutally honest statistics in the past ten years the salaries of women increased less rapidly on average than those of men. Today, average earnings of women is just a little more than half of those of men  [27]  . However, the life stories of Yvonne Pope, the first women Air Traffic Controller in 1960 who has also earlier this year became the first women pilot and Annie Nightingale, the first woman on Radio One inspire many girls. Even while the debate about the principle equal pay for equal work continues, these women, pioneers in the world of male employment give optimism to many young girls. Working mothers, the pill, abortion on request: Is modern society exterminating us? The defenders of a traditional, patriarchal family have made the link between the recent fall in birth rates and increases in female employment. Their accusing finger points to a direct causal effect of the women in work which subsequently strengthens the beliefs that women belong at home. This attitude is still embedded in society, although a report in 1963 denied any correlation between the two. Still, many women, even today, feel guilty when applying for jobs  [28]  . While Penelope Mortimer and Margaret Drabble wrote articles in which they supported the traditionalist views by glorifying the position of women as mothers, feminists questioned the belief that women could only be fulfilled through motherhood  [29]  . They also campaigned for the right to family planning measures and the first effective contraception pill has undoubtedly become the feature of the decade. Even after officially going on sale in 1961, the turning point was in 1969  [30]  when it became an available choice to all women regardless of their marital status. The feminists eight year long battle to make the pill available to everyone proves how effortful it was to change the traditional attitudes towards motherhood and sex. The Pill was largely criticized by many, but probably the most disputed of the sixties reforms is the Abortion Act 1967  [31]  . Even though it was illegal in the early sixties, the expensive West End clinics performed thousands of abortions a year. At the other end of the social scale, horrific back-street abortions with coat-hangers and unofficially trained clinicians were the main cause of avoidable maternal death  [32]  . Even so, abortion is strongly opposed by the Catholic Church who asserts how all life is sacred  [33]  and not even all feminists agreed with it  [34]  . However, the passing of the Abortion Act is, after all, a powerful indicator of the extent to which women had become more emancipated. Decline in birth ratesVoluntary child bearing and the increase in divorce rates as a consequence of the passing of the Divorce Reform Act 1969 have all had a transforming effect on domestic life, the idea of home, and all the roles and functions of womanhood  [35]  . These play the important factors in producing smaller families as does increased family affluence which have made people choose their priorities with care. Even the modern architecture reinforces the trend towards smaller families new houses are designed for families with only two or three children  [36]  . So, where are our women heading? When analysing social change, it is important to stress the diversity in aspirations of British women. Whether that is as a housewife or as a career woman, some are free to choose their lifestyle, but others are still constrained by the attitudes and norms of the society they live in. The changes in government policy extended womens choices, but it remains to be seen if they have achieved the right balance between work and family. However, it is the social as well as economic circumstances which unavoidably leave some women more equal than others. In the future these issues will need to be addressed if women are to overcome the discrimination that still exists3  [7]  . However, the promotion of equality between the genders by the younger generations indicate, not a revolution, but a slow evolution of a womens role in British society.

My Life Essay -- Personal Narratives Essays

My Life I was born in San Jose, Costa Rica, and moved to California when I was very young. Before I moved to California my dad traveled back and forth for 2 or 3 yrs from California and back to Costa Rica. He spent most of his time working in the Fresno area, in the cities of Tulare, and Visalia. He says he spent his time working in any available job including some farm labor jobs and went back to Costa Rica to spend time with us. After the second time he left Costa Rica to come and work he did not go back. At that time, amnesty was given to immigrants in California, and he moved up north to the Bay area to find a steady job. That is when he saved enough money for my mother, my two siblings, and I to join him in California. My first few years since I moved were adventurous. I had to...

China pver population :: essays research papers

â€Å"Over-Population Doesn't Justify Disregard for Human Life†- anonymous. The question proposed is, does the Chinese population control policy violate human rights? This is very controversial issue. There are many different views on this subject. By some it’s seen as a successful tool for making certain that China will be able to continue to support its large population. Others believe the policy is inhumane and causes abuses and female infanticide. Is China going about this problem the right way? The slogan of the initial population control program is â€Å"Later, Longer, Fewer.† The one child policy is not officially a law. It’s more of a â€Å"way of life†. China can’t punish couples for having more then one child because it’s not a law. So they provide motivation, such as extra salary or larger houses for couples that pledge to have just one child. If you did become pregnant and you agreed to give up your child the government would pay for abortions. A woman who had an abortion was rewarded with a paid vacation. China’s policy pushes later marriages, postponing children, fewer and healthier births, and they encourage couples to only have one child. Figures show that the policy has reduced China's population by 250 million, isn’t this good? If you only have one child, you can provide more to that child. The child can have a better life. Lu Zhufeng, a 20 year-old medical student said, â€Å"If I have one child it will be raised better. It will have more opportunities, and my career is the most important thing. I really want to excel at it.† Mothers used to stay home and take care of the children but with one child it isn’t much work. With fewer children it will free up the mothers time so instead of caring for more then one child the mother has more time to go into the work force. On the other point of view, some people might argue that the â€Å"one child policy† is a violation of human rights. Most Chinese families prefer male children to female children. The reason for this is the men are stronger and will be able to take care of them in their old age. However, if they have a female, she will have to get married and the parents will have to provide a dowry. As a result to this boy demand and since you can only have one child, if the female has a girl they might kill the infant, Hundreds are being drowned, smothered, and abandoned.

Cpoe for Emory Healthcare

Business Case NEU Consulting Group Prepared by: Kuan-ling Chiu Wenjie Xie Executive Summary This business case outlines how the CPOE Project will address current business concerns, the benefits of the project, and recommendations and justification of the project. The business case also discusses detailed project goals, performance measures, assumptions, and constraints. 1 Issue Since the perception of patient safety has arisen, many medical organizations were striving to improve medication safety.Emory Healthcare, the largest and most comprehensive health care system in Georgia, was one of them who were seeking ways to prevent medication errors. In recent years, some highly influential studies revealed that medical errors occurred in inpatient and outpatient settings at alarmingly high rates. Researchers point out approximately 1. 3 million injuries occurred annually to patients in U. S. hospitals, at a high percentage of which were at least partially due to errors in patient managem ent.In the Emory Healthcare, physicians place orders by writing them on an orders sheet attached to the patient chart or they would call a nurse and ask him/her to write the orders on the order sheet. Orders are paper-based or just by verbalization. Furthermore, medication orders ordered by radiology technicians or phlebotomists would be carried out by a unit clerk who is responsible for to fax or scan and then sent orders directly to the pharmacy. Such paper-driven work is not efficient and prone to errors; without standardization, physicians carry no responsibility for orders, which is critical and directly points to medical errors.It was calculated that 37% of the patient cases had medication treatment fault in the Emory Healthcare because of its paper-driven prescription process  which is prone to error. Around 9%  of injuries were  partially  due to  inaccurate medical order  input. Furthermore, 60% of the patients were not satisfied with their  treatment. 2 Antic ipated Outcomes In order to prevent medical errors and improve order accuracy, the suggestion of implement CPOE (Computerized Provider Order Entry) has surfaced.CPOE will establish order standard and let physicians write orders electronically and directly, thus prevent order inaccuracy. Furthermore, paper-driven work will be eliminated and replaced by electronic process. Computerized processing will improve efficiency of workflow, accuracy of input and reduce cost. Ultimately, all physician orders will be standardized, electronic and traceable. Thus, medical errors caused by human negligence will be reduced to minimum. 3 RecommendationVarious options and alternatives were analyzed to determine the best way to improve physician order processes and reduce the error and cost. The recommended CPOE project will methodically migrate the physician orders and the patient records of current mainframe system to the new computer-based platform in order to preserve data integrity. The new compu ter-based platform will improve the efficiency and accuracy of managing orders and records. The project will achieve its desired results: †¢ Physicians will directly enter orders electronically by standardized requirements. The system will check the orders and alert the users with inappropriate entries. †¢ Orders will be saved and can be accessed immediately. Orders and patient records are traceable and easy to obtain. †¢ The system will provide users with alerts and guides of best practice, duplicate, drug interactions when assigning prescription or orders. Business Case Analysis Team The following individuals comprise the business case analysis team. They are responsible for the analysis and creation of the Emory Healthcare Project business case. Role |Description |Name/Title | |Executive Sponsor |Provide executive support for the project |A, White | |Technical Lead |Provides all technology support for the project |E, Chen, Technical Lead | |Process Improvement |Adv ises team on process improvement techniques |Leland Choi, Process Team Lead | |Project Manager |Manages the business case and project team |B Brown, Project Manager | |Software Support |Provides all software support for the project |Jack Xie, Software Group Lead | Problem Definition 1 Problem Statement In the 1980s and 1990s, researchers point out approximately 1. 3 million injuries occurred annually to patients in U. S. ospitals, 69% of which were at least partially due to errors in patient management. In 2000, the Institute of Medicine published a report that concluded that more people died each year from preventable errors in hospitals than from car accidents, breast cancer, or AIDS. Medical errors caused by human oversight are the main issue inside Emory Healthcare. In 1986, it was calculated that 37% of the patient cases had medication treatment fault. The problems are due to the lack of standard for orders by physicians. Physicians would place orders by hand writing, and then they would call a nurse and ask him/her to write the orders on the order sheet. Orders are paper-based or just by verbalization.Such paper-driven work that without standardization is not efficient and prone to errors. Moreover, physicians carry no responsibility for orders, which is critical and directly points to medical errors. During the last five years, 60% of the patients were not satisfied with their treatment. Furthermore, works driven by paper are costive and time-consuming. 2 Organizational Impact The CPOE project will impact the Emory Health Care in different aspects. The following provides a high-level explanation of how the organization, tools, process, and roles. Tools: COPE project mainly focuses on designing a new system to improve the accuracy rate of order entry.The system will also enhance the function of dealing emergency situation. This will require training both physicians and nurses to manipulate the new system. A tutorial function also includes in the applicat ion to make employee adapt the system quickly. Processes: with CPOE Project comes more efficient and controlled by physicians. Physicians have more jobs to do within the whole procedure. Before the CPOE, new medication reconciliation will be placed after the communication between the doctor and the nurse. Now physicians should be able to place the order by themselves and send them to the providers directly. Nurse’s job is only to take care of inpatients.Roles and Responsibilities: the CPOE project provides greater power to physicians and fewer burdens on nurses. The number of clerks will decrease sharply because now physicians can send orders to the providers directly. The middle layer is useless with this condition. IT department should provide more solutions to help employees be familiar with the new system. More training sessions should be taken place for employees who are unwilling to accept the system update. The new platform needs more computers and an appropriate datab ase to support the system operation. Thus, the financial department should set up new budget for the new equipment required.Hardware/Software: in addition to the computers and licenses for the project, NEU Consultant team will be required to purchase additional servers and database to accommodate the platform and its anticipated growth for the next 5 years. 3 Technology Migration In order to effectively make employees be familiar with the computerized provider order entry system, a phased method has been designed which will result in minimal disruption to day to day operations, administration, and payroll activities. The following is the high-level overview of the system. Phase I: Hardware/Software (including database, servers and new computers) will be purchased for new system.IT department staff will response for the configuration of back end equipment. Phase II: All employees will receive training on the new system. Depending on different roles, they will get diverse learning ses sions. For example, physicians will learn how to place prescriptions and medication reconciliation. Nurse will study how to allocate patients room and update patients’ status. Phase III: System might be altering depending on employees’ reflections to make the system be manipulated easily. NEU consulting group will provide strong support in this period. Phase IV: The new system will go live and the older pattern of hand-written entry will be stood down. Project OverviewThe CPOE Project overview provides detail for how this project will address Emory Healthcare business problem. The overview consists of a project description, goals and objectives for the CPOE Project, project performance criteria, project assumptions, constraints, and major milestones. As the project is approved and moves forward, each of these components will be expanded to include a greater level of detail in working toward the project plan. 1 Project Description The purpose of this project is to imple ment Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) across Emory Healthcare. Computerized Provider Order Entry is a computer application that is used by physicians to enter diagnostic and therapeutic patient care orders.In most cases these orders are communicated electronically to the departments and personnel responsible for carrying them out, either by directly connecting to specific departmental computer systems that execute the order (such as laboratory or pharmacy systems), or by staff printing out the orders in the appropriate locations for execution. For CPOE applications electronically connected to departmental systems, confirmation of the order and the following result (in the case of tests) are transmitted back to the ordering physician. There are three major deliverables associated with this project. †¢ A consolidated and standardized Order Sets to facilitate CPOE that are evidence based †¢ 100% CPOE Compliance across the organization.Physicians will enter in real-tim e, all orders directly into CPOE system thereby eliminating transcription and the use of third-person (i. e. Nurses etc. ) to enter orders into patients’ electronic health records: Lab, Imaging, Consult, Nutrition, Medications, Patient Care. †¢ Decision Support Alerts – alerts to guide best practice, duplicate, drug interactions etc. Provide rules and alerts to guide healthcare decisions Alerts for drug interactions, dosage and adverse event Online help for alerts 2 Goals and Objectives The goal of this project is to implement the Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE SYSTEM) at Emory Healthcare in order to facilitate the full use of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) throughout the hospital.It is expected that Emory Healthcare will realize benefits in improved clinical diagnostic capabilities and clinical workflow processes as a result of the implementation of CPOE. Implementation of CPOE addresses a number of key requirements for achieving meaningful use of their Electronic Health Record per the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Also, implementation of CPOE will lay the foundation for enabling additional clinical functionality through the implementation of additional modules such as, Clinical Alerts and other models. A number of other clinical initiatives must be completed in order to achieve full COE functionality including Care Plans, Order Sets and Process Mapping.It is important to realize that the implementation of CPOE is an ongoing performance improvement initiative that will require ongoing enhancements and refinements in order to accommodate the changing of information system healthcare environment. This includes workflow refinements, additional order sets, and training process The CPOE Project directly supports several of the corporate goals and objectives established by NEU Consulting group. The following are the business goals and objectives that the CPOE Project supports and how it supports them: Goals: †¢ I mproved clinical decision making as a result of timely access to historical patient information at the point of care (existing medications, lab results, allergies) †¢ Reduce number of adverse events as a result of clinical ordering errors †¢ Reduced patient length of stay Improved clinical decision making as a result of timely access to clinical order information at the point of care (historical orders, interactions and conflicts) †¢ Reduction in costs and manual effort associated with manual ordering process †¢ Improvements in workflow processes for ordering tests and transmitting †¢ The ability to access patient order information throughout the hospital and from remote locations †¢ Obtain information that can provide reports about productivity and performance metrics †¢ High physician and patient satisfaction †¢ Reduce / elimination of paper orders †¢ Reduce chance of clinical errors through the use of order validation and checking Obje ctives: †¢ To provide emergency alert in order to monitor patient’s real-time status. †¢ To reduce order processing time by 25%. †¢ To increase order entry accuracy to 98%. To reduce medication turnaround time by 60% †¢ To provide alert function for physicians when writing orders or prescription. †¢ To standardize physician orders and patient records. †¢ To cut the clerk’s department in order to save transaction time. †¢ To transform hand written patient records into digital records by 95%. 3 Project Assumptions The following assumptions apply to the WP Project. As project planning begins and more assumptions are identified, they will be added accordingly. †¢ The core implementation team will consist of key resources from Emory Healthcare. This team will collaborate in order to coordinate the project activities between their organizations. The implementation team will have access to the areas within the hospital where they need t o work †¢ The implementation team will have cooperation from the Emory Healthcare staff as necessary but with the intention that disruption will be minimal †¢ Resource requirements and costs for ongoing system support will be agreed upon by Emory Healthcare and NEU Consulting group during the initial phase of the project †¢ Emory Healthcare resources will be available as needed †¢ Regular review of project status will occur and be communicated through communication plan †¢ Client will attend the required training 4 Project Constraints The following constraints apply to the CPOE Project. As project planning begins and more constraints are identified, they will be added accordingly. †¢ Dependencies of CPOE Vendor delivery and order of module upgrades and installations †¢ Resource availability (IT, non IT, and vendor) †¢ Budgets: The total cost of the project should be done under the budget approved by the board of directors and make sure to cont rol the cost not exceed the budget of each year. Schedule: Fully operational in 3 years †¢ Quality: CPOE system and process improvement service shall meet all quality standards and client’s requirements. 5 Selected Approach Various options and alternatives were analyzed to determine the best way to improve physician order processes and reduce the error and cost. The selected CPOE project will methodically migrate the physician orders and the patient records of current mainframe system to the new computer-based platform in order to preserve data integrity. The new computer-based platform will improve the efficiency and accuracy of managing orders and records. The project will achieve its desired results: Physicians will directly enter orders electronically by standardized requirements. †¢ The system will check the orders and alert the users with inappropriate entries. †¢ Orders will be saved and can be accessed immediately. Orders and patient records are traceab le and easy to obtain. †¢ The system will provide users with alerts and guides of best practice, duplicate, drug interactions when assigning prescription or orders. 6 Major Project Milestones The following are the major project milestones identified at this time. As the project planning moves forward and the schedule is developed, the milestones and their target completion dates will be modified, adjusted, and finalized as necessary to establish the baseline schedule. Milestones/Deliverables | Target Date | |Contract / Board Authorization |12/10/2012 | |Project Management Plan approval |05/05/2013 | |System Implementation Kick off |05/27/2013 | |Functional review |06/05/2013 | |Hardware technical design |10/20/2013 | |Order and receive hardware and software |11/17/2013 | |System implementation complete (software) |03/10/2014 | |Database design and configuration complete |07/20/2014 | |System installation (hardware and software) |09/09/2014 | |Complete test plan |09/22/2014 | |Test and enable network connectivity |01/20/2015 | |System testing complete |04/25/2015 | |Nurse, Pharmacy documentation preparation and training |07/14/2015 | |Physician documentation preparation and training |07/18/2015 | |System maintenance plan complete |10/25/2015 | |System on live |01/01/2016 | |System maintenance start |01/01/2016 | Cost and Saving Analysis The following two tables capture the cost associated with the CPOE Project, descriptions of these actions, and the total associated with the cost item for CPOE project. CPOE Ongoing Cost – Estimate Cost Item |Action Type |Description |Cost | |Hardware and Software |Cost |Application Software Maintenance |$150,000 | | | |Third-Party Software maintenance | | | | |Workstation Maintenance | | |Network |Cost |LAN maintenance |$35,000 | | | |Network Monitoring equipment | | |Staff required to support CPOE |Cost |Pharmacy analyst |$60,000 | | | |CPOE Project Manager | | | | |Clinical Programmer/builder | | | | | Additional Help Desk Support Network/equipment support | | | | |staff | | |Others |Cost |None IT Resources |$100,000 | |Net Cost | | |$345,000 | CPOE One-Time Cost – Estimate |Cost Item |Action Type |Description |Cost | |Hardware and Software |Cost |Application License Cost (CPOE, Scanning software etc. |$1,000,000 | | | |Third party software license costs | | | | |Workstations/Printers | | |Network |Cost |Install Wireless LAN |$450,000 | | | |Upgrade to LAN/Wireless | | | | |Networking monitoring equipment | | |Implementation |Cost |Vendor cost |$155,000 | | | |Consultant cost | | | | |Travel cost | | | | |Outsource staff cost | | |Internal Project teams |Cost |IT Management |$300,000 | | | |Project Manager | | | | |Analyst | | | | |Technical staff | | |Training |Cost |Vendor cost |$30,000 | | | |Consultant cost | | | | |NurseTraining | | | | |Physician Training | | | | |Other Training | | |Net Cost | | |$1,935,000 | CPOE Ongoing/one time saving Emory Heal thcare has saved approximately &270,000 annually through elimination of transcription cost and increased radiology revenues by over $300,000 annually through better capture of documentation with CPOE. Alternatives Analysis The following alternative options have been considered to address the business problem. These alternatives were not selected for a number of reasons which are also explained below. No Project (Status Quo) |Reasons For Not Selecting Alternative | |Keep the origin mainframe legacy system |Newly computerized system can improve the efficiency of work | | |CPOE definitely reduces errors | | |The new system provides the real time function which solves | | |emergency situation | | |Cut off middle layer in order to save processing time | |Alternative Option |Reasons For Not Selecting Alternative | |Outsource the implementation to two different companies in |Hardly meets the requirements of Emory Healthcare. | |order to short development cycle. |Difficult to communicat e between two companies. | |High cost to support two cycles. | |Alternative Option |Reasons For Not Selecting Alternative | |Develop software internally |Lack of qualified resources especially not enough developers | | |Lack of expertise to guarantee the security of the system. | | |Huge cost for the cycle of developing | | |Schedule restricts developing time. |