The Payroll and Personnel Cycle Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Payroll and Personnel Cycle - Assignment Example many steps involved, the organization of time cards and distribution of salaried management; this must be handles for each department within the company. They also, must attend to the necessary taxes and make certain that those numbers are properly reported to the correct government agencies. They must update these reports as they go and incorporate and update ledgers. This process must be completed for each and every pay period within a company. The payroll and personnel cycle is one that, often, requires diligent monitoring because it is a point where fraudulent acts from within the company can occur. When auditing this portion of the accounting cycle they, primarily, focus upon finding verification that their account balances are accurate and â€Å"fairly stated† in accordance with current accepted accounting principles.(Arens, Elder, and Beasely 3) In order to avoid fraud and any misinterpretations it is suggested that those responsible for the information have proper sepa ration of duties, that numbers are confirmed multiple times, correct adherence to the use of appropriate documents, and regular, physical, control over all assets and records. Ideally, these â€Å"internal control† measures will help to prevent the possibility, let alone the success of fraud, within the payroll and personnel portion of the accounting cycle. (Arens, Elder, and Beasely 16) However, it has, also, been said that the cycles of accounting and the differentiation of steps is the product of the manual accounting process that has been practiced for decades, practices that require individuals to do the steps completely by hand, entering the amounts into journals or ledgers, practices that are presently obsolete. Much of the purpose of the steps in the accounting cycle was invented to... As the essay discusses  the cycles of accounting and the differentiation of steps is the product of the manual accounting process that has been practiced for decades, practices that require individuals to do the steps completely by hand, entering the amounts into journals or ledgers, practices that are presently obsolete. Much of the purpose of the steps in the accounting cycle was invented to simplify the process for the people involved in performing them. These are simplifications that modern technology does not need. Today most companies use accounting software that is capable of calculating and organizing the numbers much more efficiently and simultaneously providing balances and adjustments.According to the study findings  not only is the software more expeditious, more efficient, and provides a lesser margin of human error, but it, also, meets the desires of many businesses to â€Å"Go Green.†Ã‚   Many of the software will allow businesses to engage in a â€Å"paper less accounting.†Ã‚   The transfer from human to software accounting is that the traditional payroll cycle is one with a great deal of paper documents, like paychecks, reports, and receipts, that are highly confidential; The paperless route allows for decreasing the likelihood that any unauthorized individuals could have access to private information they should not be privy to.  The movement towards more automation and technology within companies will increase, and accounting software may very well be the financial solution for maintaining and organizing company finances.

Concepts of Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concepts of Criminal Law - Essay Example Certain defenses arise from these acts which led to the prosecution of Johnny. In the crime of possession of the Nutria, the state maintains that the act is that of strict liability, however, though the act of carrying the Nutria is a capital offence, there lacks the level of Mens Rea whereby, the defendant did not knowingly or intentionally possess the Nutria with the knowledge of its illegality. The defendant, Johnny Juneau, lives a conservative and segregated life in the woods, where the new change in rule of law has not traversed. Henceforth, the jury should not convict him of the crime however much ignorance of the Law is no defense. Proof that the level of Mens Rea required to convict Johnny lacks in this case, can be given by the town’s people who know him well, those that know he has not been in town for a long time. In the case of gas theft, the defense presents that Johnny was acting under a mistake of fact. In his last visit to town, the rates for gas were $1.4 per gallon, and on arriving at the gas station, Johnny believed the sign that read $4.42 per gallon was a mistake. He believed it true that the 4 was supposed to be one and therefore borrowed the ladder, with the assumption that the law permits self help. The case is a case of specific intent, whereby, Johnnie did not intend on taking control of the storekeeper’s property, however, he only meant to do good by correcting â€Å"the mistake†. In the case of gas theft, the evidence provided clearly outlines that the level of Mens Rea required to convict Johnny does not exist. Johnny was acting under a mistake of fact, and good intentions. Due to this reasons the Jury should not convict him for the crime. The accusation that Johnny murdered the neighbor does not suffice since first the unlawful act that can lead to murder (Actus Reus) did not exist since he only placed a ladder to change the gas store sign. Then the thought of acting in such a manner that the neighbor would die does not exist thereby lacking the necessary level of Mens Rea required to convict him does not exist. Johnny is still innocent on grounds of negligence since it is not his fault there existed a live wire that was the negligence of the storekeeper. Johnny therefore lacked the knowledge nor the intent to kill anyone when he decided to borrow the ladder. The Judges Decision Johnny appears to be a victim of circumstances, since his innocent motives seem to lead to crimes. All cases seem to lack the necessary Mens Rea required to convict Johnny. In the Judges perspective, the best way to resolve this would be critically analyzing the facts of the case, and the statutes of Law, to be able to come to a reasonable decision. In the case of possession of Nutria it is the duty of the state, to make known any sudden amendments in the laws of the state, and it is the duty of the citizens to carefully study and follow the rules of law. In Johnny’s case of Nutria possession, Johnny lives in the woods, a segregated and conservative life and there is no reasonable way that the change in law reached him, therefore, though there exists ignorance of Law, the State cannot convict Johnny since the facts presented prove that he lacked the level of Mens Rea that would otherwise convict him. In the case of theft of gas, the evidence pro